The total harmonic distortion calculator can tell you more about how this phenomenon can affect sound accuracy. Now when music plays through the speaker, each range of frequencies has the same sound level, with minimal distortion. A typical value for a 2-way crossover frequency is 2000-3000 Hz.Ī 3-way crossover design adds a band-pass filter that selects midrange frequencies for the midrange speaker. The crossover frequency is where the low-pass filter starts to fade, and the high-pass filter starts to increase the amplitude of the signal. A low-pass filter lets through frequencies less than a certain amount, while a high-pass filter only lets higher frequencies through. Note that this calculator is only applicable to passive crossover designs.įor a 2-way crossover design, you have a low-pass crossover filter and a high-pass crossover filter. It is called "passive" as there is no additional power source required by the speaker.Īnother solution you may come across is an active crossover design, which involves splitting up the signal before amplification, with each specialist speaker having an amplifier, requiring the speakers to be powered. For three drivers, it's known as a 3-way passive crossover. When two speakers are involved, this is known as a 2-way passive crossover design. A combination of the right capacitors and inductors creates filters that only allow the right range of frequencies to go to the correct speaker (or driver). Then, for example, low-frequency signals will go to the woofer and high-frequency signals to the tweeter. One solution to this problem is to split up the signal coming from the amplifier according to the signal frequency. This frequency mismatch will produce sound distortion, and could even damage a speaker if it gets a loud enough signal at the wrong frequency. The speaker cable contains all frequencies (as electronic signals), so the woofer will still get the high frequencies, and the tweeter the low frequencies. However, there is a problem when it comes to connecting our multiple speaker solution to an amplifier. A speaker that outputs high frequencies is called a tweeter, and one that produces low frequencies is called a woofer.įor a three-speaker setup, you would also have a midrange speaker to cover a range of frequencies between higher quality tweeter and woofer speakers. The solution is to have two or three (maybe more, but these are less common) specialist speakers inside each speaker unit. For a hi-fi speaker design, we are looking for the same sound volume output across as wide a range of frequencies as possible. To fix this issue, you could make the speaker bigger, but then high frequencies would be low in volume. That means low volume and sound distortions at low frequencies, such as the bass instrument in a music track. But do they sound great at all frequencies?Ī common complaint of single-speaker designs is the lack of bass response. If you are new to the field of hi-fi speaker design, you might be wondering, why we can't just use one speaker? After all, you will probably find devices around your home that only have a single speaker, such as a small portable radio or your mobile phone. By the end, you'll know a low-pass crossover from a high-pass crossover. In this article, you'll learn why, if you want to get the best sound, you need more than one speaker, and how, by using the right electronic components, you can send only the most suitable frequencies to each speaker. One to help stabilize the speaker's impedance as frequency changes (Zobel) and another that attenuates the volume (L-pad). There are also a couple of additional circuits for a single speaker. By choosing three speakers, it becomes a 3-way crossover calculator, in case you also want to incorporate a midrange speaker into your design. In the 2-way mode, the calculator uses the impedance of your tweeter and woofer to produce a 2-way speaker crossover design. It'll tell you what capacitors and inductors you need to create a passive crossover design for either two speakers (a 2-way passive crossover) or three speakers (a 3-way passive crossover). This speaker crossover calculator will help you design a set of amazing sounding speakers.
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